Both of these worksheets have a set of mandatory columns that must be present for the form to work. Additionally, each worksheet has a set of optional columns that allow further control over the behavior of each entry in the form, but are not essential to have.
Every entry must have values for each of the mandatory columns, but the optional columns may be left blank. The columns you add to your Excel workbook, whether they are mandatory or optional, may appear in any order. Optional columns may be left out completely. Any number of rows may be left blank. One thing to keep in mind when authoring forms in Excel is that the syntax you use must be precise. For example, if you write Choices or choice instead of choices , the form won't work.
XLSForm supports a number of question types. These are just some of the options you can enter in the type column in the survey worksheet in your XLSForm:. You can change this default behaviour by specifying an accuracyThreshold ; this could be less than 5m or more than 5m.
You will need to add a column with heading body::accuracyThreshold on the survey sheet of your XLSForm. Then specify your preferred accuracy threshold value for this column on your geopoint question, as in the example shown below:. Writing a multiple choice question requires adding a choices worksheet to your Excel workbook. This ensures that the form displays the correct list of answer choices for a particular question.
However, we recommend avoiding them to make analysis easier. In general, choice names should be unique within a single choice list. If two choices from the same list have the same name, they will be impossible to tell apart in analysis. If you have duplicate choice names, you will get an error and your form will not be converted. However, it may sometimes be appropriate to have duplicate choice names. An example would be if you use a cascading select and the choices with the same name are differentiated by a preceding question.
For multiple choice questions, surveys often include an option of marking other when their answer choice is not listed. Then they are usually asked to specify the other option. The choices worksheet stays the same. See below:.
A separate column will have the answer for the questions in which the user selected other. See the Relevant section below for an alternative method more appropriate for large scale projects. The options in a multiple choice question can also be taken from a separate file instead of the choices sheet. This is particularly useful if the options are dynamic or if the list of options is used in multiple surveys. See usage examples below:. The files require a specific format. A CSV file requires a name and label column which represent the value and label of the options.
An XML file requires a structure as shown below:. Note that this question type is generally the preferred way of building select questions from external data as it is the most versatile and works across applications.
However, if your external data file consists of many thousands of lines, please test carefully whether the performance is satisfactory on the lowest spec device you intend to use.
If it is too slow, consider using External Selects or Dynamic selects from preloaded data if your data collection application supports it. The rank widget can be used to let respondents order a list of options. The answer is saved as an ordered, space-separated list of option values where all options are always included.
The syntax is very similar to multiple-choice questions. To restrict integer or decimal inputs to a specific range, you can use the range question. This question can be used with 3 optional space-separated parameters: start , end , and step in a parameters column. The default values are 0, 10, and 1 respectively.
The example below will create a question that allows input from 0 until 17 with a step of 1. Using a decimal step will result in decimal values being collected.
To display a range question as a rating widget using stars, you can add the rating appearance as shown below:. To upload an image file the image question type can be used. To ensure the images are not too large, you can optionally set the max-pixels parameter which will automatically downsize the uploaded image to match the largest side of the image with the pixel value provided.
Certain clients use a value for quality in the parameters column to configure audio recording quality for question types audio or background-audio. Both question types accept quality values voice-only , low and normal. For example, if you wanted to collect all of these types of metadata, put the following in your form typically at the beginning, but can be at any point of your form :.
Notice that there are no labels associated with the metadata question types. This is because the phone captures these variables automatically. These questions will not appear on the screen of the phone, but you will see them when viewing your submitted survey data. The audit metaquestion will enable ODK Collect to log how people navigate through a form during data entry.
For example, this can be used to measure how much time an enumerator took to fill in a question, responses that were edited later on, or when the form was saved. Optionally, the audit metaquestion can be configured to also record the location of the enumerator throughout the interview. This may be useful for quality control or to record exact paths taken between each respondents.
To do this, add a column called parameters to your form and enter three required parameters: location-priority , location-min-interval , and location-max-age. This example below would collect the precise GPS location every seconds and will discard coordinates collected more than seconds ago. See this page in the ODK Collect documentation for full details about the audit metaquestion, available location tracking parameters, and the format of the audit.
For advanced users, who need to perform complex queries on external data without restrictions, an external XML data file can be added with question type xml-external. The value in the name column can be used to refer to this data in any formula e. A file with the same name and the. See below for an example that requires uploading a file called houses. If your external data file consists of many thousands of lines, please test carefully whether the performance is satisfactory on the lowest spec device you intend to use.
Values are pulled from the source object through node-parsing methods on the template:. The resulting parser is a function that accepts a source object and returns a transformed object:. A node-parsing method is simply a function that receives four arguments: value , result , key , and data. It's up to the node parser to set a value on the result object:. The data argument is a Map that's shared by every parser. Since it's shared, it's possible to clobber other parsers' data, so you should namespace your keys:.
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