Effects of the CAT scan type scanner on speed film as seen in a print:. Effects of the Examiner 3DX , full bag scanner, before and after one scan:. Additional comparisons of pictures on speed film that were exposed to the full bag type of airport scanners:. No scan. One scan. Heavy grain can be seen throughout this image shot on speed APS film, and a greenish tint appears in some of the dark areas due to a full bag scanner. Print from color-negative film:. Color-negative film:.
Certain film keeping conditions can produce effects that are confused with X-ray fog. The older the film, the greater accumulation of actinic radiation. With time, ambient radiation slowly fogs the faster silver halide grains so that the film appears grainier. This is especially noticeable on speed or faster film. Keeping the film cool or frozen does NOT change this effect. Over time, radiation can penetrate or occur naturally in nearly all materials.
Heat can affect the film's tone scale and color, giving results that look like X-ray fog. The amount of damage depends on the specific film and the storage conditions. You can usually distinguish the more common types of X-ray fog by the distinct patterns and increased granularity. On 35 mm film, reverse-wind streaks are often mistaken for X-ray fog. However, these streaks are more evenly spaced and prominent, and tend to bow outward from the film perforations. As noted earlier, exposure to some types of airport security equipment produces pronounced bands of plus density dark patches or minus density light patches.
The fog pattern can resemble typical white-light fogging that occurs in a defined path, i. Safe transport of radioactive materials — Leakage testing on packages.
Water quality — Radon — Part 2: Test method using gamma-ray spectrometry. Water quality — Radon — Part 3: Test method using emanometry. Water quality — Radon — Part 4: Test method using two-phase liquid scintillation counting. Water quality — Uranium isotopes — Test method using alpha-spectrometry. Water quality — Plutonium, americium, curium and neptunium — Test method using alpha spectrometry. Water quality — Simultaneous determination of tritium and carbon 14 activities — Test method using liquid scintillation counting.
Radiological protection — Minimum criteria for electron paramagnetic resonance EPR spectroscopy for retrospective dosimetry of ionizing radiation — Part 1: General principles. Radiological protection — Minimum criteria for electron paramagnetic resonance EPR spectroscopy for retrospective dosimetry of ionizing radiation — Part 2: Ex vivo human tooth enamel dosimetry.
Radiation protection — Criteria and performance limits for the periodic evaluation of processors of personal dosemeters for X and gamma radiation. Radiological protection — Criteria and performance limits for the periodic evaluation of dosimetry services. Neutron radiation protection shielding — Design principles and considerations for the choice of appropriate materials. Neutron radiation protection shielding — Design principles and considerations for the choice of appropriate materials — Technical Corrigendum 1.
Nuclear facilities — Ventilation penetrations for shielded enclosures. Nuclear facilities — Ventilation penetrations for shielded enclosures — Amendment 1.
Nuclear energy — Radiationprotection — Procedure for radiation protection monitoring in nuclear installations for external exposure to weakly penetrating radiation, especially to beta radiation. Radiological protection — Procedures for monitoring the dose to the lens of the eye, the skin and the extremities.
Radiological protection — Recommendations for dealing with discrepancies between personal dosimeter systems used in parallel. Radiological protection — Monitoring and internal dosimetry for staff members exposed to medical radionuclides as unsealed sources.
Surveillance of the activity concentrations of airborne radioactive substances in the workplace of nuclear facilities. Monitoring radioactive gases in effluents from facilities producing positron emitting radionuclides and radiopharmaceuticals.
Radiological protection — Medical electron accelerators — Requirements and recommendations for shielding design and evaluation. Ventilation systems for nuclear facilities — In-situ efficiency test methods for iodine traps with solid sorbent — Part 1: General requirements. Radiological protection — Performance criteria for laboratories using the cytokinesis block micronucleus CBMN assay in peripheral blood lymphocytes for biological dosimetry.
Remote handling devices for radioactive materials — Part 1: General requirements. Remote-handling devices for radioactive materials — Part 2: Mechanical master-slave manipulators. Remote handling devices for radioactive materials — Part 3: Electrical master-slave manipulators. Remote handling devices for radioactive materials — Part 4: Power manipulators. Remote handling devices for radioactive materials — Part 5: Remote handling tongs. Radiological protection — Characteristics of reference pulsed radiation — Part 1: Photon radiation.
Measurement and prediction of the ambient dose equivalent from patients receiving iodine administration after thyroid ablation — Part 1: During the hospitalization. Measurement and prediction of the ambient dose equivalent from patients receiving iodine administration after thyroid ablation — Part 2: External effective dose of the caregivers after release from the hospital.
Iodine charcoal sorbents for nuclear facilities — Method for defining sorption capacity index. Radiation protection — Performance criteria for service laboratories performing biological dosimetry by cytogenetics. Radiological protection — Performance criteria for service laboratories performing biological dosimetry by cytogenetics. Radiological protection — Performance criteria for service laboratories performing biological dosimetry by cytogenetics - The dicentric assay.
Radiological protection — Measurement for the clearance of waste contaminated with radioisotopes for medical application — Part 1: Measurement of radioactivity. Radiological protection — Measurement for the clearance of waste contaminated with radioisotopes for medical application — Part 2: Management of solid radioactive waste in nuclear medicine facilities. Radiological protection — Monitoring and dosimetry for internal exposures due to wound contamination with radionuclides.
Measurement of radioactivity — Gamma-ray emitting radionuclides — Generic test method using gamma-ray spectrometry. Measurement of radioactivity in the environment — Guidelines for effective dose assessment using environmental monitoring data — Part 1: Planned and existing exposure situation. Measurement of radioactivity in the environment — Guidelines for effective dose assessment using environmental monitoring data — Part 2: Nuclear emergency exposure situation.
Radiological protection — Performance criteria for laboratories using Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization FISH translocation assay for assessment of exposure to ionizing radiation.
Radiation protection — Monitoring of workers occupationally exposed to a risk of internal contamination with radioactive material. Dosemetry for exposures to cosmic radiation in civilian aircraft — Part 1: Conceptual basis for measurements. Dosimetry for exposures to cosmic radiation in civilian aircraft — Part 1: Conceptual basis for measurements. Dosimetry for exposures to cosmic radiation in civilian aircraft — Part 2: Characterization of instrument response.
Dosimetry for exposures to cosmic radiation in civilian aircraft — Part 3: Measurements at aviation altitudes. Dosimetry for exposures to cosmic radiation in civilian aircraft — Part 4: Validation of codes.
Radiation protection — Performance criteria for laboratories performing cytogenetic triage for assessment of mass casualties in radiological or nuclear emergencies — General principles and application to dicentric assay.
Radiation protection — Performance criteria for laboratories performing initial cytogenetic dose assessment of mass casualties in radiological or nuclear emergencies — General principles and application to dicentric assay. Passive neutron dosimetry systems — Part 1: Performance and test requirements for personal dosimetry.
Passive neutron dosimetry systems — Part 2: Methodology and criteria for the qualification of personal dosimetry systems in workplaces. Passive personal neutron dosemeters — Performance and test requirements. Passive personal neutron dosemeters — Performance and test requirements — Technical Corrigendum 1.
Water quality — Guidance for rapid radioactivity measurements in nuclear or radiological emergency situation. Dosimetry with radiophotoluminescent glass dosimeters for dosimetry audit in MV X-ray radiotherapy. Monitoring for inadvertent movement and illicit trafficking of radioactive material. Water quality — Radium and Radium — Test method using liquid scintillation counting.
Evaluating the performance of continuous air monitors — Part 1: Air monitors based on accumulation sampling techniques. Evaluating the performance of continuous air monitors — Part 2: Air monitors based on flow-through sampling techniques without accumulation. Group-averaged neutron and gamma-ray cross sections for radiation protection and shielding calculations for nuclear reactors. Radiological protection — General requirements for performance testing for in vivo monitoring. Development of a water equivalent phantom for the measurement of physical characteristics of specific models of radiosurgery treatment device.
Protective clothing. Personal protective ensembles for use against chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear CBRN agents. Classification, performance requirements and test methods. Radiation protection — Dose assessment for the monitoring of workers for internal radiation exposure. Dosimetry with solid thermoluminescence detectors for photon and electron radiations in radiotherapy.
Clinical dosimetry — Dosimetry with solid thermoluminescence detectors for photon and electron radiations in radiotherapy. Reference radiation fields for radiation protection — Definitions and fundamental concepts.
Reference radiation fields for radiation protection — Definitions and fundamental concepts — Amendment 1: Reference point of personal dosemeters. As a result of their complexity, these hotspots are empirically more difficult to test and are more prone to errors.
Evaluating whether or not refactoring would be effective can be done with the help of the incoherence metric. This metric evaluates the degree to which elements in a Simulink subsystem deviate from the highest possible cohesion. The higher the degree of deviation, the more potential refactoring offers.
Frequently reused functions can be identified and collected in libraries. This way, model and code size is kept in check. Comprehensive reporting allows the complexity and structural quality of models to be evaluated at a glance. A color scale directly highlights the complexity hotspots.
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