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To achieve quality within the software engineering process, we start with thorough sprint planning meetings with clients.
At the start of the sprint we also start to form test acceptance criteria, which will allow our software engineers to undertake Test-Driven Development TDD and Behaviour-Driven Development BDD as we go, two critical tools for fighting our battle against the bugs. When these automated tests are written, they are tested again, before any functional code is added to make sure they fail, to show that the test is working. When we know that the unit test is working, we can add the functional code and run the test on it.
If it passes, the code is refactored i. If it fails, the code needs to be tweaked and simplified until it does pass. Behaviour-Driven Development is all about creating a common understanding between the customer and the engineering team about what the requirements and features are for the software.
Behaviour-Driven Development combines the general techniques and principles of TDD with ideas from domain-driven design and object-oriented analysis and design to provide software development and management teams with shared tools and a shared process to collaborate on software development.
Although BDD is principally an idea about how software development should be managed by both business interests and technical insight, the practice of BDD assumes the use of specialised software tools to support the development process. Testing early and often not only improves the quality of our code, it also improves the efficiency of our team. The earlier we discover and solve a problem, the easier it is to fix.
TDD increases code test coverage and can be automated to highlight any regression failures sooner. By following up with a full suite of manual test and regression testing, we know we are doing everything we can to not only write great code, but to check that it does what it is supposed to do.
We close this series of posts on quality with a quote from Yan, one of our team leads, on the impact of quality both on projects and software engineers:.
A typical sequence of product launch reviews might look like the following:. Not every embedded process will look exactly like the preceding list, but they all will bear a family resemblance.
Just as with any other software program, configuration management must be part of the product and process launch process from the very beginning of the programme.
Developer testing starts as soon as we have software and a target system for our In Circuit Emulator to connect. We will not be able perform any of the mechanical tests, but those tests are usually not particularly software dependent anyhow. What do I need to know about embedded software testing? To perform embedded software testing, we recommend four phases of testing. These phases may take place concurrently and are as follows:.
Compliance Testing Compliance testing occurs when we test to requirements, whether these requirements are taken directly from a customer specification when we have one or derived internally from a requirements review. Compliance testing is the primary method we use to ensure that we are meeting all specifications. In the automotive industry, for example, we will verify that all gauges are meeting pointer sweep requirements in our instrument cluster where we find the gauges on our dashboards.
Compliance testing has the defect of only testing for specification requirements and may provide an inadequate measure of the true performance of the system. Additionally, it can be difficult to record via specifications, all of the unwanted behaviors the product must not have.
It is not very efficient, for example, to take time to identify all of the scenarios the product must not lock up. It could be sufficient to expect the product will not lock up. We expect our test engineers to be endeavoring to discern where the product fails rather than trying to prove that the product works! Combinatorial Testing We know that a very simple program can generate a vast number of potential test cases.
With more complex programs system , this number becomes astronomical. One technique we use to get around this problem originates with designed experiments. Many designed experiments are based on orthogonal arrays of test values. Two level testing for each input and output is often represented with a matrix of zeros and ones or pluses and minuses to indicate the two levels. More levels are possible, but increasing the levels increases the number of test cases exponentially.
With digital inputs, two levels are adequate. In essence, we will stimulate the inputs according to the recipe from any given row of our matrix and observe the behavior of the outputs. This situation means we must understand what the correct outputs are and be able to measure them. Allpairs takes input from a test file that is itself generated most commonly from a spreadsheet and creates a sequence of test cases that will exercise every pair.
The amazing thing about Allpairs is that it holds up fairly well against commercial pairwise programs while remaining completely free! The pairwise approach has some defects, for example:. During the development of numerous embedded automotive products, we have seen stochastic testing produce roughly the same amount of test failures as combinatorial testing.
We are not recommending that stochastic testing supplant combinatorial testing but, rather, that they both have their place on our overall test strategy.
It is important that we have a means for recording what we do during stochastic testing. Spectacularly successful tests should be added to the existing suite of test cases and reused.
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